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Low carbohydrate regimes (low carb diet, the cyclical ketogenic diet, intermittent fasting) and their impact on cardiorespiratory fitness, body composition, muscular strength, sports performance and muscle cells resistance against exercise
Kysel, Pavel ; Vilikus, Zdeněk (advisor) ; Otáhal, Jakub (referee) ; Stackeová, Daniela (referee)
(EN) Low-carbohydrate diets are a debated topic in relation to athletic performance, overweight and obesity, but also to the health status of the individual. The impact on health and fitness is still ambiguous. The aim of this study was to compare and investigate the effect of a low carbohydrate, in this case ketogenic, diet on body composition, sports performance at different exercise loads and levels of selected circulating cytokines. Our study aimed to investigate the effects of a cyclic ketogenic reduction diet (CKD) vs. a nutritionally balanced reduction diet (RD) combined with regular resistance/aerobic training in healthy young men for 8 weeks. Participants in both the CKD and RD groups reduced their body weight, body fat, and body mass index (BMI) values. In the CKD group, the amount of fat-free mass (net body weight) and the amount of water in the body decreased. In the RD group, however, the volume of these parameters did not change significantly. Muscle strength parameters were not affected in the CKD group, while maximal strength performances in chest pulldown and lower limb press increased in the RD group. Similarly, endurance performances were not affected in the CKD group, whereas maximal power output and maximal oxygen consumption increased in the RD group. Our findings suggest that...
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Obesity in senior population in homes for the elderly
Jančarová, Kateřina ; Káňová, Marcela (advisor) ; Petřeková, Karin (referee)
The thesis deals with obesity in senior homes and homes with special regimes. The aim of the thesis is to determine the distribution of obese clients in social facilities, to identify the presence of sarcopenia among obese clients, the reduction diet administered, and the education of clients about reduction diets, obesity, and its consequences. The theoretical part of the thesis describes the issues of aging, obesity, and sarcopenia. In the practical part, the presence of obesity is confirmed among enrolled clients based on BMI calculation, calf circumference, and waist/hip ratio. The frequency of android and gynoid obesity is determined. Furthermore, the presence of sarcopenia among obese clients is identified based on handgrip strength measurement with a dynamometer and measurement of muscle and fat tissue using the Tanita device. The presence of a reduction diet and client education on diet and obesity risk is identified. The menus and their nutritional composition are evaluated. A questionnaire is assessed, with questions focused on the clients' lifestyle, especially weight loss during life, eating habits, and physical activity. Based on the knowledge gained from theory and practice, it was assumed that obese clients form a minority of seniors in social facilities, but the majority of them...
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Pupils' reduction diet at choosing primary school
Vrátná, Petra ; Váchová, Alena (advisor) ; Hanušová, Jaroslava (referee)
The diploma thesis aims the attention on reduction diets at pupils at choosing school. The teoretical part describe the development of the pubety age, the accurate regime according to the pupils' proces, the types of reduction diets, the alternative food and the following motion aktivity. The thesis deals with the illneses, which can be caused by reduction diets, which are kept quite often. At the end of the teoretical part it is manchened the under topic the reduction diet, which is involved in the part Health Education and PE of the topic according to the the Framework Education Programme and the School Education Programme ZŠ Dobiášova. The issue that conception of educational lesson aim on reduction diets, alternative way of eating and the illneses, that can be caused by reduction diets The practical part of thesis contains the amount of pupils in second level of primary school (6. - 9. grade) who keep or kept reduction diet at choosing liberecká school, afterwads there were the conversations with the choosing pupils which lead solving, why pupils want to be on diet and what is the reason to be on diet. To gain the information is used the quantitative approach of questionnaire survey and then the structured conversation that is led with choosing pupils, then there is created the preparation of...
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Low-carbohydrate diets and their effect on body composition and sports performance
Kysel, Pavel ; Jandová, Soňa (referee)
The effect of low-carbohydrate diets on physical fitness is still controversial. The goal of low-carbohydrate diets is to minimize the effects on sports performance by restricting carbohydrates, while optimizing body composition by reducing subcutaneous fat while maintaining maximum muscle mass. The aim of this work is to search the current literature and scientific studies, and to determine the effect of low-carbohydrate and therefore ketogenic diets on body composition and sports performance of various types. Partial tasks are then to define the circumstances that are related to the main goal, or are derived from it, i.e. individual motor skills, including their development and circumstances leading to the influence of sports performance, as well as the area of the individual's body composition and the obvious circumstances of food intake. An essential part is the most up-to-date reference and covering the main differences of low- carb diets in their entirety. The results are mixed, however, in endurance athletes, the body adapts to a fat-rich diet after about a week, and in general, oxidation of fats provides enough energy in the form of intramuscular triacylglycerols or free fatty acids in plasma. Theoretically, this should lead to the investigation of muscle glycogen, as the most valuable...
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Long-term effects of short-term low calorie and very low calorie diets
Čmerdová, Kristýna ; Matoulek, Martin (advisor) ; Mikeš, Ondřej (referee)
Starting points: LCD and VLCD are one of the possibilities, which can be used when battling obesity. They are not however advised separately. There must always be present another form of treatment. What follows is either bariatric treatment, or a home reduction plan in cooperation with a nutrition therapist. LCD or VLCD should always be under the supervision of a doctor. Goals: To, in detail, describe a complex of patients, who were on weight reduction hospital stay (later only WRHS), as a foundation of a statistical analysis of dynamic changes concerning the reasoning of LCD and VLCD hospitalization, basic anthropometric data and deduce the short and long-term effect of WRHS with LCD and VLCD. Methods: Entry data were collected retroactively from hospital records of patients who were hospitalized for reduction of weight in the years 2014-2015 in inpatient ward D3 of the third Internal clinic of the General University Hospital in Prague (Všeobecná fakultní nemocnice v Praze). This data was statistically processed and its results discussed and charted in this paper. Main results: The most common reasoning for WRHS was sole reduction of weight; next was bariatric operation after WRHS. Patients who didn't undergo bariatric operation within a year of their 1.st WRHS, and their weight after one year is...
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Pupils' reduction diet at choosing primary school
Vrátná, Petra ; Váchová, Alena (advisor) ; Hanušová, Jaroslava (referee)
The diploma thesis aims the attention on reduction diets at pupils at choosing school. The teoretical part describe the development of the pubety age, the accurate regime according to the pupils' proces, the types of reduction diets, the alternative food and the following motion aktivity. The thesis deals with the illneses, which can be caused by reduction diets, which are kept quite often. At the end of the teoretical part it is manchened the under topic the reduction diet, which is involved in the part Health Education and PE of the topic according to the the Framework Education Programme and the School Education Programme ZŠ Dobiášova. The issue that conception of educational lesson aim on reduction diets, alternative way of eating and the illneses, that can be caused by reduction diets The practical part of thesis contains the amount of pupils in second level of primary school (6. - 9. grade) who keep or kept reduction diet at choosing liberecká school, afterwads there were the conversations with the choosing pupils which lead solving, why pupils want to be on diet and what is the reason to be on diet. To gain the information is used the quantitative approach of questionnaire survey and then the structured conversation that is led with choosing pupils, then there is created the preparation of...
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Awareness of overweight people and people without overweight on the risk of cardiovascular dise
Hladíková, Lenka ; Marádová, Eva (advisor) ; Hanušová, Jaroslava (referee)
This thesis deals with awareness of overweight and non-overweight people about of the risk of cardiovascular diseases. The goal is to determine the level of knowledge of both groups in the section of cardiovascular diseases and their interest in this issue. Next goal is to determine the degree of difference in awareness in this issue between the sexes. The theoretical part provides information about obesity (causes, symptoms, complications, treatment). It also deals with frequent cardiovascular diseases - hypertension, atherosclerosis, myocardial infarction, ischemic heart disease, cerebrovascular accident, and dyslipidemia. One of chapters is devoted to projects that address prevention of obesity and cardiovascular diseases. The practical part of work describes examined group that participated in the survey. Analysis of the results shows that people who are not overweight or obese are more informed about the risks of cardiovascular disease than overweight and obese people, because they are less interested in this issue. Women are better informed in the section of cardiovascular diseases than men. 14 individuals out of 89 members of research is interested in the issue of cardiovascular diseases. Only 12 individuals is adequately informed of the issue of cardiovascular disease. Work includes eating plan...
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Health importance of phytochemicals in berries focused on weight-reducing diet
VOKOUNOVÁ, Kateřina
Bachelor´s thesis named "Health importance of phytochemicals in berries focused on weight-reducing diet" deals with the weight-reducing diet containing phytochemicals and its health effect on human heatlh. In theoretical part of the thesis, I focused on weight-reducing diet and bioactive substances, and I described phytochemicals and blueberries in detail. The formation of a two-week weight-reducing diet containing polyphenols correspondig with the amount of 120 ml natural blueberries a day was the goal of my thesis. The exploration of food products as fully-fledged sources of polyphenols was my next goal. For the processing of the research I have examined food products containing blueberries, which were made in the South Bohemian region, specifically through interviews with leaders and representatives of various companies and I found all the necessary information about each food products containing blueberries. The amount of polyphenols was determined by HPLC (High Performance Liquid Chromatography) which was conducted under the leadership of doc. MUDr. Petr Petr, Ph.D. I finished counting the amount of polyphenols in some food products from the initial analysis. I have included these products in the weight-reducing diet with any possible adjustments to meet the criteria of weight-reducing diet. I included natural blueberries in many meals in various modifications. The richest sources of natural polyphenols were frozen blueberries and beverages containing natual blueberries. There were natural blueberries refrigerated or frozen, Herbal tea with blueberries or dairy products containing blueberries the most appropriate for the weigt-reducing diet.
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